Dr.Ehab Fathy Gabr Aboueladab, Damietta University, Faculty of Specific Education Damietta, New Damietta City, P.O.Box.34517, Egypt, Email:ehab10f@gmail.com
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الجمعة، مايو 28، 2021
ehab aboueladab - paper-https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-4902
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-4902
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Vitamin D deficiency and Associated Dental Caries (Review).International Journal of Advanced Research
2016-05 | journal-articleDOI: 10.21474/ijar01/404 Part of ISSN: 2320-5407
Source: ehab aboueladab
Biomarkers, Methods for Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer.International Journal of Advanced Research
2016-04 | journal-articleDOI: 10.21474/ijar01/210 Part of ISSN: 2320-5407
Source: ehab aboueladab
Impact of Sildenafil on Smooth Muscle and Blood Vessels by Using Light and Electron MicroscopyBritish Journal of Medicine and Medical Research
2016-01-10 | journal-articleDOI: 10.9734/bjmmr/2016/25678 Part of ISSN: 2231-0614
Source: ehab aboueladab
Identification of outer membrane proteins from an antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Lz4WMolecular and Cellular Proteomics
2011 | journal-articleDOI: 10.1074/mcp.M110.004549 EID: 2-s2.0-79958017231
Source: ehab aboueladab via Scopus - ElsevierPreferred source
Role of the JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 signaling pathway in galectin-1-induced T-cell deathCell Death and Disease
2010 | journal-articleDOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.1 EID: 2-s2.0-79959979001
Source: ehab aboueladab via Scopus - ElsevierPreferred source
Galectin-1 induced activation of the apoptotic death-receptor pathway in human Jurkat T lymphocytesHistochemistry and Cell Biology
2008 | journal-articleDOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0395-x EID: 2-s2.0-42449154187
Source: ehab aboueladab via Scopus - ElsevierPreferred source
Effects of N-glycan processing inhibitors on signaling events and induction of apoptosis in galectin-1-stimulated Jurkat T lymphocytesGlycobiology
2006 | journal-articleDOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwl037 EID: 2-s2.0-33751359796
Source: ehab aboueladab via Scopus - ElsevierPreferred source
Buffalo (Bos buffali L.) chymosin purification and propertiesComparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
1996 | journal-articleDOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(96)02041-X EID: 2-s2.0-0029979367
Source: ehab aboueladab via Scopus - ElsevierPreferred source
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الأحد، مايو 16، 2021
GRAM +VE COCCI
GRAM +VE COCCI
Staphylococcus
SPP.
·
Cocci. -Gram +ve
·
Catalse +Ve
·
arranged in cluster of grapes
·
-most staphylococcus Non motile. Non sopre.
·
-most staphylococcus facultative anerobic.
·
-able to grow in media containing high
concentration of salt.
·
-at temp from 18C-40C staph bacteria are
present on the skin and mucous
membrane of human.
·
-Opportunistic infections.
·
the outer layer of most staphylococcus cell
wall covered with (polysaccharide capsule).
·
-Eleven capsular serotypes
have been identified in S.aureus with
serotypes 5 and 7 associated with majority of
infection.
·
-peptidoglycan can form Half the cell wall
of staph.
·
protin A can be used as specific
identification test for S.aureus(
not other Non coagulase staph)
·
-There are simple biochemical tests e.g
(coagulase, protein A ,
heat- stable nuclease , manitol
fermentation) can be used to identify colonies ofS. Aureus and other staph.
Staphylococcus aureus |
|
Characteristics |
*
cause most Staphylococcal diseases
. *
Gr + Ve Cocci . *
Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci *Usually
has capsulate .(polysaccharide)&slim layer. *
Facultative anaerobic . |
Habitat |
*
Humans ( nose , skin , mucous ) . *
Always present in hospital environment . *
Survives drying
. Tolerant of Salts |
Transmission |
*
Direct contact . *
Airborne route . |
Pathogenesis |
*Capsule=
inhibits chemotaxis and phagocytosis. And facilitates adherence to foreign
bodies. *Peptidoglycan= inhibits phagocytosis. *
Hemolysins = lyse RBCs *
Coagulase = converts fibrinogen to fibrin(clots plasma) *catalase= remove of hydrogen peroxide. * Fibrinolysin = Digest fibrin *
Leucocidin = kills leukocytes * DNase
= hydrolyses DNA *
Protein A
= Antiphagocytosis
(inhibits
antibody clearance) and anticomplementary. *
Enterotoxin = Vomiting & diarrhea *
TSS toxin-1 = produce
leakage or destruction of endothelial cells. * Exfoliative Toxin = Skin
exfoliative |
Diseases |
*
Superficial
infection(scalded skin syndrome) ( SSS ) *
Surgical Wound Infection *
Toxic Shock Syndrome . (( TSS )) *
Toxic Food Poisoning . (( TFP )) *
Septicemia , Endocarditis , pneumonia . |
Laboratory Identification |
*
White or Golden Colonies on Blood Agar *
Catalase +Ve , Coagulase +Ve , DNase + Ve |
Staphylococcus epidermidis |
|
Characteristics |
*
Rarely cause infections in health people . *
Gr + Ve Cocci . *
Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci *Opportunistic pathogen. *
Facultative anaerobic . *Slime layer. |
Habitat |
*
Humans (skin) . *
Always present in hospital environment . *
Survives drying
. Tolerant of Salts |
Transmission |
* Direct contact |
Pathogenesis |
*
Lower pathogenicity than Staph. Aureus . *
Viscous extracellular slime = Enable the
bacteria to adhere to a foreign surface . |
Diseases |
*
Urinary Tract Infection ( UTI ) *
Prosthetic valve Endocarditis. *Bacteremia. *surgical wounds. *central
nervous system infection. |
Laboratory Identification |
*
White Colonies on Blood Agar *
Catalase +Ve , Coagulase -Ve , DNase - Ve *
Sensitive
to Novobiocin disc . |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
|
Characteristics |
*
Gr + Ve Cocci . *
Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci *
Facultative anaerobic . |
Habitat |
*
Skin * Genitourinary
mucosa . |
Transmission |
*
Direct contact *
Endogenous spread to urinary tract . |
Pathogenesis |
*
Virulance factors unknown *
But , this bacteria has ability to
colonize periurethral skin & mucosa . |
Diseases |
* Urinary Tract Infection ( UTI ):
opportunistic infection. |
Laboratory Identification |
*
White Colonies on Blood Agar * Catalase
+Ve , Coagulase -Ve , DNase - Ve *
Resistance to Novobiocin disc . |
Streptococcus
SPP
- Gram +ve cocci
-catalase –ve.
-arranged in pairs or chains.
-most streptococcus facultative anaerobic.
-some grow only in atmosphere
enhanced with carbon dioxide(capnophilic growth).
-carbohydrates are fermented, resulting in the production of lactic
acid.
- most B-hemolytic streptococcus have group –specific antigen.
-most (but not all)
alpha-hemolytic streptococcus and nonhemolytic
streptococcus (gamma) do not have the group –specific antigen.
-PYR ( L-pyrrolindonyl-B-arylamidase)
if positive(Streptococcus
pyogenes) or negative (Streptococcus anginosus)
-ASO tests useful
confirming test for rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis caused BY
Streptococcus pyogenes.
Classification
of Common Streptococcal Pathogens
Biochemical
Classification Serologic Classification Hemolysis Patterns
S. pyogenes A β
S. agalactiae B β; occasionally nonhemolytic
S. dysgalactiae C, G β
S. anginosus group A, C, F, G, nongroupable
β;
occasionally α or nonhemolytic
S. bovis D α; nonhemolytic; occasionally β Viridans group Nongroupable α or nonhemolytic
S. pneumoniae
Enterococci
Nongroupable
D
Α
α – β or Gamma
Biochemical
Identification of Common Streptococci
Organism |
Susceptibility Bacitracin Optochin |
Hippurate hydrolysis |
CAMP reaction |
Bile solubility |
S. pyogenes* |
S R |
- |
- |
- |
S.
agalactiae |
R R |
+ |
+ |
- |
S. anginosus† |
R R |
- |
- |
- |
S. dysgalactiae‡ |
R R |
- |
- |
- |
S.
pneumoniae |
R S |
- |
- |
+ |
Viridans group |
R R |
- |
- |
- |
S= Sensitive R= Resistant
Streptococcus pyogenes ( Group A , B hemolytic streptococcus
) |
|
Characteristics |
*
Gr + Ve cocci in chain . * Non
Sporing , Non Motile Cocci . *
Some strains produce a hyaluronic acid capsule . * Facultative
anaerobic . *Growth is optimal on enriched-blood agar media. *inhibited
if the medium contain high conc.of glucose. *the basic structural cell wall is peptidoglycan. |
Habitat |
* Commensal in the throat or skin |
Transmission |
Direct contact Airborne route |
Pathogenesis |
·
M Protein = Antiphagocytosis [ Major Virulence Factor ] *T protein= unknown function. *capsule=Antiphagocytosis. ·
Hemolysins = lyse RBCs. ·
Erythrogenic toxins = cause
fever & rash in scarlet fever ·
Streptokinase = lyses Blood clot . ·
DNAse = hydrolyses
DNA . ·
NADase = Kills
Leucocytes . |
Diseases |
·
Pharyngitis , Tonsilitist , Otitist media . ·
Erysipelae & lampotigo . ·
Scarlet Fever . ·
Rheumatic Fever .(ASO confirming test) ·
Endocarditis . |
Laboratory Identification |
·
White small
colonies on blood agar . ·
Colonies surrounded by Beta
Hemolysis. ·
Catalase
–Ve ·
Bacitracin
Sensitive ·
PYR +Ve. |
Streptococcus agalactiae (( Group B , Beta hemolysis Streptococcus )) |
|
Characteristics |
*
Gr + Ve cocci in chain . *
Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci . * Facultative
anaerobic . *capsule(polysaccharide) *the
surface protein (C protein) |
Habitat |
* Normal Vaginal ( 25% ) & Oral flora . |
Transmission |
* Direct Contact |
Pathogenesis |
*
Virulance factors not clearly Identified . *
Capsule is
major virulence factor if it is
present .=Antiphagocytosis . |
Diseases |
·
Neonatal Meningitis . ·
Septicaemia ·
Septic abortion . ·
Pneumonia. |
Laboratory Identification |
·
Colonies on blood agar larger than S.pyogenes . ·
The colonies are buttery a narrow zone of B- hemolytic. ·
Colonies surrounded by Beta Hemolysis. ·
Catalase
–Ve ·
Bacitracin Sensitive . ·
CAMP test
+Ve ·
Hippurate hydrolysis +Ve. |
Streptococcus pneumonia (( Alpha Hemolytic Sterptococcus )) |
|
Characteristics |
·
Commonest pathogen cause pneumonia . ·
Lancet shape. ·
Gr + Ve Diplococci * Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci . ·
Ploysaccharide capsule . ·
Facultative anaerobic . ·
Major cell wall structure is peptidoglycan (like all
gram-positive cocci). ·
The other major cell wall component is teichoic acid. |
Habitat |
* Commensal in Human Respiratory Tract . |
Transmission |
* Droplet spread . |
Pathogenesis |
* Capsule = Antiphagocytosis . |
Diseases |
·
Pneumonia . ·
Septicemia .(Bactermia) ·
Meningitis ( Children less
than 3 years & adults 45 years
and above )) ·
Otitis Media . |
Laboratory Identification |
·
White small colonies on blood agar . ·
Colonies surrounded by Alpha Hemolysis. ·
Can grow only on enriched media. ·
Can ferment several carbohydrates.(lactic acid) ·
Grow poorly in media with high glucose concentration. ·
Catalase
–Ve ·
Optichin Sensitive . ·
Bile solubility Sensitive. |
Streptococcus viridans (( Alpha Hemolytic Sterptococcus )) |
|
Characteristics |
·
Gr + Ve cocci ·
Non Sporing , Non Motile Cocci . ·
Facultative anaerobic . ·
Do not have group-specific. |
Habitat |
·
Commensal in
the human upper respiratory tract . ·
Large Number are found in Oral
Cavity . ·
Rarely found in skin because fatty acid in skin are toxic to them |
Transmission |
·
Droplet Spread . |
Pathogenesis |
·
Attachment to tooth enamel & gums via
various carbohydrates is important
in establishment the colonization . ·
Ability to
produce acid cause ---}
Dental caries . |
Diseases |
·
Dental caries . ·
Bacterial endocarditis ((
Bacteria enter the blood stream as result of dental manipulation and attach
to damaged cardic valves . ·
Intraabdominal infections. |
Laboratory Identification |
·
White small colonies on blood agar . ·
Produce green pigments on blood agar. ·
Colonies surrounded by Alpha Hemolysis. ·
Catalase –Ve . ·
Optichin Resistant . |
COCCI +VE GRAM
اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد
ﻋﻠﯿﮫ
Medical Microbiology
Patrick Murray ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻒ
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