ACTIVATION ENERGY:
A threshold that must be crossed to facilitate a chemical reaction. There are three ways to reach the activation energy: by increasing the concentration of reactants, by raising their temperature, or by introducing a catalyst, such as an enzyme.
ACTIVE SITES:
Folds and clefts on the surface of an enzyme that enable attach ment to its particular substrate.
AMINO ACIDS:
Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitro gen, and (in some cases) sulfur bonded in characteristic formations. Strings of amino acids make up proteins.
BIOCHEMISTRY:
The area of the bio logical sciences concerned with the chemical substances and processes in organisms.
CARBOHYDRATES:
Naturally occurring compounds, consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, whose primary function in the body is to supply energy. Included in the carbohydrate group are sugars, starches, cellulose, and various other substances. Most carbohydrates are produced by green plants in the process of undergoing photosynthesis.
CATALYSIS:
The act or process of cat alyzing, or speeding up the rate of reaction between substances.
CATALYST:
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without participating in it. Catalysts, of which enzymes are a good example, thus are not consumed in the reaction.
COENZYME:
A non protein component sometimes required to allow an enzyme to set in motion a catalytic reaction.
ENZYME:
A protein that acts as a catalyst, a material that speeds up chemical reactions in the bodies of plants and animals without itself taking part in, or being consumed by, these reactions.
FERMENTATION:
A process involving enzymes in which a compound rich in energy is broken down into simpler substances.
METABOLISM:
The chemical process by which nutrients are broken down and converted into energy or are used in the construction of new tissue or other materi al in the body.
MOLECULE:
A group of atoms, usual ly but not always representing more than one element, joined in a structure. Compounds typically are made up of molecules.
ORGANIC:
At one time, chemists used the term organic only in reference to living things. Now the word is applied to compounds containing carbon and hydrogen.
PROTEINS:
Large molecules built from long chains of 50 or more amino acids. Proteins serve the functions of promoting normal growth, repairing damaged tissue, contributing to the body's immune system, and making enzymes.
REACTANT:
A substance that interacts with another substance in a chemical reaction, resulting in the formation of a chemical or chemicals known as the product.
STARCHES:
Complex carbohydrates without taste or odor, which are granular or powdery in physical form.
SUBSTRATE:
A reactant that typically is paired with a particular enzyme. Enzymes often are named after their respective substrates by adding the suffix ase (e.g., the enzyme lactase is paired with the substrate lactose).
SUGARS:
One of the three principal types of carbohydrate, along with starches and cellulose. Sugars can be defined as any of various water-soluble carbohydrates of varying sweetness. What we think of as "sugar" (i.e., table sugar) is actually sucrose.
VITAMINS:
Organic substances that, in extremely small quantities, are essential to the nutrition of most animals and some plants. In particular, vitamins work with enzymes in regulating metabolic processes; however, they do not in themselves provide energy, and thus vitamins alone do not qualify as a form of nutrition.
Best Wishes: Dr.Ehab Aboueladab, Tel:+201007834123,Email:ehab10f@gmail.com
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